Kitchen Collage Masthead
"Flexitarianism"
January 7, 2010 - Vol 1, Issue 01
In This Issue:
Happenings at the Collage
Flexitarianism
Cooking Grains
Cooking Beans
Smart Flexitarian Tips
Q & A
Cookbook Review
Three "Flex" Recipes
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Eating Differently
"Eat food, mostly plants, not too much." This is the tag line to Michael Pollan's book, "In Defense of Food." His succinct advice is not a bad one for all of us seeking new habits in our perennial urge to start the New Year out strong and motivated in new directions. VegetablesAn overwhelming number of us will make resolutions and set goals around our diet and exercise. However, fashioning our deep desires into action, followed by results, is a bit of a puzzle. Success is most often realized through incremental steps - progress with one foot in front of the other. Flexitarianism is a newer food movement that promotes flexibility in food choices by including more vegetarian menus on a regular basis without being strictly meatless. It seems a sensible approach for shifting our eating patterns to more plants. This issue focuses on a more plant-based diet without any loss of flavor or satisfaction. We finish with three scrumptious recipes that are all plant-based and packed with delicious nutrition.
Happenings at Kitchen Collage
It's a new year with new opportunities! Join our culinary explorations here at the Collage! Here are two upcoming classes that are always favorites!

Call us at 515-270-8202 for details and to register!
Seating limited; call early!

Saturday, January 23rd - 9:00 - 11:00am
PieNational Pie Day Class!
Yes, January 23rd is the official National Pie Day! None other than Lana Ross, Blue Ribbon Pie Maker, will be leading the celebration with her expert knowledge of all things PIE! From crust to filling, from baking to eating, we'll cover it all! Lana will share her tried and true secrets for the best single and double crusts, how to prepare fillings that turn out every time. $40.

SoupSaturday, January 30th - 9:00- 11:00am
Annual Soups Class -- What's better for coping with an Iowa winter than piping hot soup! And, making your own soup is so much easier than you would think. Join Teresa, in this most popular of classes, as she guides us through the basics and the nuances of making fresh, homemade soup. $40.

Call to reserve your place for these events - (515) 270-8202!
Flexitarianism vs. Vegetarianism
This fall, the Baltimore school system introduced a new tradition, "Meatless Mondays." One day a week, their school lunch program features an all-vegetarian menu. This is a great example of flexitarianism - an incremental approach to introducing more plant-based meals into our diets.

VegetablesA few definitions may help to sort out all of the terms that swirl about plant-based eating choices:
Flexitarian - A flexitarian is a "part-time" or "semi-vegetarian" with a greater dependence on eating vegetables while occasionally eating meat. About 30-40% of the population describes themselves as interested in reducing their dependence on meat. With flexitarianism, there is no strict definition about how much meat should be eaten, just less -- it's flexible!
Vegetarian - A vegetarian is someone who does not eat animal meat. For most vegetarians, this includes eliminating fowl, fish, and red meats. For other vegetarians, they may eat fish, but not fowl or meat. Vegetarians usually eat dairy foods, eggs, or honey, as long as the animal is not killed in the process of producing the food. Strict vegetarians comprise about 6% of the population.
Vegan - A vegan is a vegetarian that does not eat any animal product including dairy, eggs, honey, or any foods derived from animals.
Raw food movement - This food trend promotes unprocessed and uncooked foods. Foods are not cooked, nor heated above 104°F. The most common form of raw foodism is raw veganism, though there are raw food followers that include raw meat, unpasteurized milk, and eggs. Participants in the raw food movement believe that cooked foods lose much of their nutritional value and that the process of cooking may introduce harmful byproducts.

Why do people become flexitarians or vegetarians? The reasons for becoming a flexitarian or a vegetarian are varied and usually involve a combination of motives:
Health reasons - Reduced heart disease and weight control are two prominent health benefits of a vegetarian diet. A more plant-based diet has less saturated fat than meat-based diets. Generally, plant-based diets are naturally lower in calories and can create a greater sense of fullness based on more fiber and volume.
Ecological efficiency - Greater amounts of resource go into making meat compared to plant foods. About 70% of the domestic grain crop goes to feeding livestock. Per calorie, meat takes approximately ten times the amount of land and water resource than grain and plants used directly for food.
Religious traditions - Different religious traditions prescribe food choices based on a variety of reasons - some on safety concerns, others as a sense of asceticism and discipline.
Reduced carbon footprint - Some choose less meat based on the notion that livestock feeding operations are associated with increased methane emissions, a powerful greenhouse gas.
Animal-friendly - Others choose a vegetarian regimen to avoid the inhumane treatment of animals.
Localvores - Individuals that choose to eat locally, that is, within a certain mile radius of their home, often find themselves including more plant-based foods in their diet and less meat by virtue of its availability.

Choosing Complete Proteins - The body requires twenty different amino acids to form proteins that comprise new cells, enzymes, body tissue and promote overall health. The body can manufacture twelve of these building blocks, but must be fed the other eight. These eight amino acids are known as the essential amino acids. With a couple of exceptions, (soy and quinoa), individual plants do not possess all eight amino acids as animal products do. However, by combining different plant foods, the necessary array of amino acids is achieved and the body is adequately nourished. The key is to eat a variety of plant foods and combine complementary sources. Complementary ProteinsFor example, the amino acid profile in beans and grains complement each other, dairy complements grains, and beans complement nuts and seeds. It is not necessary to eat complementary foods at each meal, but rather, recent research reveals that a variety of complementary foods over a twenty-four period is just as effective.

Mainstream Meatlessness - A vegetarian meal is no longer weird or exceptional - it's gone mainstream. In fact, your family or guests may not even notice the lack of meat at the table. Whatever your interest level or motive for being more of a flexitarian, becoming comfortable planning and cooking a vegetarian meal is easy!

Cooking Grains
Grains are a staple of any diet and possess great nutritional value and efficiency. As you explore flexitarian eating choices and healthy foods, grains deserve a central role in your cooking repertoire. Not only do they complement legumes and dairy products for a complete protein, they provide essential vitamins and minerals in abundance. If you're concerned about the carbohydrates in grains, know that whole grains are complex carbohydrates and full of important dietary fiber; keep the grains, ditch the sugar if you're worried about carbs.

Five Grains

Get Comfortable with Cooking Grains - Grains come in all forms, whole, cracked, parboiled, and re-formed. The less processed the grain, the greater the nutritional value. Kernels should be cooked just until tender, and have a fluffy character, without stickiness. To achieve this result, care must be taken with (1) the ratio of water to grain, and (2) achieving a low, even cooking temperature.
Prepping Grains for Cooking - For whole grains and those purchased in bulk, rinse the grain in a colander prior to cooking. This removes any dust and helps to expose any foreign particles.
Saucepan
Low, Even Cooking Temperature - The key to perfectly cooked grain is a good cooking pot and very low simmering temperatures. A good cooking pot starts with a heavy-bottom, sturdy conductive walls, an ergonomic handle, and a well-fitting lid. The heavy-bottom will conduct heat evenly across the contact surface and up the walls. A tight lid will keep the steam inside the pot doing its work on the grain. We carry several quality lines of cookware. When you come by the shop, we'll acquaint you with the key factors to consider when buying good cookware.
Grains Cooking Chart
Testing for Doneness - Beyond these general starting points, cooking will vary depending on the size of the grain pieces, the cooking pot, and actual temperatures. Time the cooking so that the grain is checked only as it nears its finish. (Too much checking will release too much steam). With a utensil, check the bottom of the pan to assess if any grain is sticking. Test for doneness by tasting a few grains from the top. Ideally, the cooking water should be absorbed just as the grain reaches the right tenderness. If the grain is cooked, but water remains, drain the grain in a colander, return to the pan and let it sit 5-10 more minutes with the lid on to allow any residual moisture to be absorbed. If the water is gone, but the grain still not tender, add more water in small increments.

Rice CookerRice Cookers - Rice cooking appliances may be used to cook all types of grains. Rice cookers eliminate the need for a watchful cook. The cooker quickly heats the water and grain, reduces the power to the perfect simmer, then automatically turns off power or shifts to a warming mode just as the liquid is absorbed and the grains become tender.

Grains in a Slow Cooker - Grains may be cooked in a slow cooker by using the same quantities of grain and liquid noted above and allowing 6-8 hours of undisturbed cooking.

Cooking Beans
BeansBeans are a great source of nutrition and a good cornerstone for a flexitarian diet. Starting with dried beans offers nutritional and economic value, and they taste infinitely better than their canned counterparts. Learning a few key techniques will get you comfortable with using dried beans and reaping all of their advantages.

Beans in a RowSoaking Beans - Soaking dried beans begins the softening process and allows the beans to cook more evenly on the stovetop. (If you use a pressure cooker to cook beans, no soaking is necessary). Beans will triple in size as they rehydrate, so choose a soaking pot that will accommodate this amount of swelling; use a general ratio of 1 cup dry beans to 5 cups water. First, rinse your dried beans in a colander and look them over to discard any foreign particles and any discolored or shriveled beans. Soak the beans in one of two ways:
  • Hot Soaking - Heat 10 cups of water to boiling, add two cups (1 pound) of dried beans and boil for 2 to 3 minutes. Remove from the heat source, cover, and let set for one to four hours.
  • Overnight Soaking - Using no heat, place two cups of dried beans in 10 cups of cold water. Allow the beans to set overnight or for at least 8 hours.
Boiling the Beans - Drain the soaking water from the beans and rinse. Add fresh, unsalted water to cover the beans and bring to a boil over high heat for a few minutes. Reduce the heat to medium and cook at a full simmer until beans are tender to the bite. Different beans will vary in the time required for boiling according to their shape, "thickness," and age. Older beans will take longer to cook. Beans are done when the outside skin is still intact, but the bean Pressure Cookersmashes easily when squished with a fork.

Pressure Cooking Beans - Alternatively, cook beans in a pressure cooker. It turns them into "fast food" allowing beans to be part of everyday menus as opposed to some periodic, heroic effort. With pressure cooking, no soaking is required.

Cooking Beans Chart

Beans in a Slow Cooker - Experts recommend cooking soaked beans in a slow cooker on a high setting for 2-3 hours taking care that they remain immersed in liquid as they swell and absorb the moisture. After this period, turn the beans to a low setting and allow them to cook for 6 to 8 hours. Slow cookers are great for preparing all kinds of bean dishes.

Smart Flexitarian Tips
GrainsTip #1: Cook double (or triple) batches of grains whenever cooking. Cooked grains will refrigerate and freeze well if stored with minimal air exposure. We find a plastic zipper bag with the air squeezed out keeps the grain from drying out. Freeze cooked grain in logical quantities; defrost in a microwave or steamer with the addition of a small amount of water.

Tip #2: Keep cans or boxes of purchased vegetable stock in the pantry for cooking grains. Grains cooked in stock have a fantastic taste. In most cases, the salt present in the stock is enough for the grain. If stock is used, omit adding any additional salt.

Tip #3: Mash cooked beans with a pastry cutter instead of a potato masher; this helps to cut the outer skin surrounding the bean. Mashed beans can be turned into a quick sandwich spread with a few spices and herbs.

Bean DishTip #4: Salt toughens the outer skin of beans making them less permeable to water, and lengthening the time it takes to cook. Add salt to beans only after they are cooked to the desired tenderness.

Tip #5: Refrigerate cooked beans in their liquid for up to 5 days. The liquid will help prevent the beans from drying out. Cooked beans may be frozen for 2 to 3 months and can be easily reheated. Boil up a big batch of beans and package them in convenient sizes for later use.

Q & A's

Q and A Logo Purple

Q: What is tofu?
TofuA: Tofu is a coagulated form of soy milk. What cheese is to milk, tofu is to soy milk. Tofu is white in color and bland in flavor. It is nutritionally dense with a high protein, iron, and calcium content. Like cheese, based on the amount of moisture drained from the tofu, it can vary in texture and firmness. Tofu, while often unfamiliar to a lot of us, is worth exploring. As a soy product, tofu provides a complete protein source.

Q: What is quinoa?
A: Quinoa, (pronounced "keen'-wah," or "keen'-oh-ah"), is actually related to beets and spinach, and not a true grass like other grains. It is gluten-free, easily digestible, possesses a complete protein complement and is quick cooking. Quinoa is naturally covered with a coating of bitter saponin. This bitterness keeps it from being eaten by birds while in the field. To remove the saponin, simply soak quinoa for a few minutes and rinse prior to cooking. Much of the commercially available quinoa comes pre-rinsed with the saponin already removed.

Q: If I eat as a vegetarian, will I lose weight?
A: Maybe yes, maybe no. Many individuals adopt a plant-based diet with the hopes of losing weight. A gram of plant-based food has less caloric density than a gram of meat; it takes more volume of plant foods to reach the same caloric value of meat-based foods. The additional volume and fiber in plant food may help to satisfy appetites. Still, losing weight comes down to calories in versus calories expended. It's possible to gain or lose weight with any diet regimen.

DairyQ: What are some of the more common forms of vegetarianism?
A: Different individuals practice variations of vegetarian diets. Some of the more common adaptations include:
Lacto-vegetarian - Uses dairy products, but not eggs.
Ovo-vegetarian - Uses eggs, but not dairy products.
Lacto-ovo vegetarian - Uses both dairy and eggs.
Pescetarian - Includes fish, but no other meats.
Pollotarian - Includes poultry, eggs and dairy, but not fish or other meats.
Polpescetarian - Includes both fish and fowl, but no red meat. Many individuals find this regimen helpful for reducing the intake of saturated fat prevalent in red meats.
Cookbook Review
How to Cook Everything Vegetarian, Simple Meatless Recipes for Great Food by Mark Bittman. Illustrations by Alan Witschonke. Copyright 2007. Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.
An IACP Cookbook Award Winner

Mark Bittman never tackles a subject without being thorough. We thought a previous title of his, "How to Cook Everything," pretty much covered everything, but Mark has created yet another encyclopedic book covering, as promised, just about everything vegetarian in its 996 pages. While the hefty book may be initially intimidating, inside the subject matter is easily digestible and presented accessibly. CookbookMr. Bittman takes an apolitical approach to the topic of vegetarianism, but exudes an energy around the vast possibilities available in a vegetarian or flexitarian kitchen. The cookbook begins with an enabling introduction for approaching vegetarian cooking, then delves right into Salads, Soups, Eggs, Dairy and Cheese, followed by Produce, Pasta, Grains, and Legumes. He finishes with chapters on Breads of all kind, Sauces and Condiments, and wraps up with Desserts. True to "Bittman-style," each chapter begins with an informative context packed with technique and basics that the recipes build upon. Generous sidebars of information offer hints for variations, illustrated techniques, or tips for achieving success. The book is an endless resource of information suitable for any vegetarian or flexitarian!

Three "Flex" Recipes
Recipes excerpted from How to Cook Everything Vegetarian by Mark Bittman. Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. Copyright 2007. Reprinted with permission of the publisher. All rights reserved.

Roasted Potatoes and Quinoa
Roasted Quinoa with Potatoes and Cheese

As promised, the cooked and roasted quinoa created a nutty flavor and coating on the potato wedges. The inclusion of savory scallions and peppers added just the right touch of flavor. The dish went together quickly and tasted fantastic. It made a great main dish and a complete meal with the addition of a mixed greens salad.


Click here to view the illustrated recipe.

Click here for a printable version of the recipe.

Beans and Greens
Beans and Green

Simple and satisfying, this "beans and greens" dish had amazing flavor! We cooked dried chickpeas in a pressure cooker in no time, and allowed the greens (kale instead of broccoli raab) to become silky and tender. Cooking dried chickpeas was much preferable to canned versions. This is a great basic recipe for experimenting with variations of other beans and other greens.


Click here to view the illustrated recipe.

Click here for a printable version of the recipe.

Braised Tofu
Braised Tofu and Peas in Curried Coconut Milk

At the risk of stereotyping vegetarian cooking, we couldn't help but include one tofu recipe! The Indian-inspired flavors blended together in a great curried gravy. The tofu soaked up the piquant flavors and along with a fragrant bed of basmati rice turned the kitchen into an aromatic heaven.


Click here to view the illustrated recipe.

Click here for a printable version of the recipe.

To home and hearth, to health and wealth, Best Wishes for a Happy New Year!
Teresa & Molly
Kitchen Collage
515.270.8202
www.mykitchencollage.com



Kitchen Collage Masthead
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